Einstein's Puzzle

Puzzle Level :- Very Hard

Background

       Albert Einstein as a boy invented this puzzle (though there is no proof of authorship) so it is called Einstein's Puzzle (or Einstein's Riddle).
It is often claimed that only 2% of the world population can solve the puzzle. this claim might be true based on decades ago situation but i think  many people from present generation can solve this puzzle.
like i solved here 

There are various versions of this puzzle using different items / situations ,  but basic idea of puzzle is same

PUZZLE

Situation

1. There are 5 houses in five different colors.
2. In each house lives a person with a different nationality.
3. These five owners drink a certain type of beverage, smoke a certain brand of cigar and keep a certain pet.
4. No owners have the same pet, smoke the same brand of cigar or drink the same beverage.

The question is: Who owns the fish?

Hints

• the Brit lives in the red house
• the Swede keeps dogs as pets
• the Dane drinks tea
• the green house is on the left of the white house
• the green house's owner drinks coffee
• the person who smokes Pall Mall rears birds
• the owner of the yellow house smokes Dunhill
• the man living in the center house drinks milk
• the Norwegian lives in the first house
• the man who smokes blends lives next to the one who keeps cats
• the man who keeps horses lives next to the man who smokes Dunhill
• the owner who smokes BlueMaster drinks beer
• the German smokes Prince
• the Norwegian lives next to the blue house
• the man who smokes blend has a neighbor who drinks water

ANSWER

German owns the fish

SOLUTION

First gather all basic information available in puzzle statement, these details will be useful later for solving the puzzle
Based on above puzzle statements we can find below information
There are 5 houses colored in

• Green
• White
• Yellow
• Red
• Blue

These Houses are occupied by 5 different nationalists.

• Brit
• Swede
• Norwegian
• German
• Dane

Each person has one pet from below list

• Dogs
• Birds
• Cats
• Horses
• Fish

Each person drinks one drink from below list

• Tea
• Coffee
• Milk
• Beer
• Water

Each person smokes one brand of cigarettes from below list

• Pall Mall
• Dunhill
• Blends
• Blue Master
• Prince

This kind puzzles needs table kind of approach to solve them. but here difficult part is to choose which items needs to be considered for rows and which items for columns

Here we need to consider Houses as columns since these houses must be in specific order

Now we will make a table  and fill it with the help of hints

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color
Nationality
Drinks
Pet
Smokes

First choose the hints those directly helps to fill the table
==>From Hint  "the Norwegian lives in the first house"

==>From Hint  "the Norwegian lives next to the blue house"

==>From Hint  "the man living in the center house drinks milk"

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color		Blue
Nationality	Norwegian
Drinks			Milk
Pet
Smokes

Now we need to check the hints and find the clues which will fill tables indirectly by some implications.
==>From Hint  "the green house is on the left of the white house"
From this  we know that green and white houses are adjacent
Since Blue house is second one ,   first one cannot be green or white becuase they must be adjacent
So first house can be red or yellow

We know that in first house occupied by Norwegian  and  from Hint "the Brit lives in the red house"
we can Conclude that First house is in Yellow color

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color	Yellow	Blue
Nationality	Norwegian
Drinks			Milk
Pet
Smokes

==>From Hint  "the owner of the yellow house smokes Dunhill"
==>From Hint  "the man who keeps horses lives next to the man who smokes Dunhill"

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color	Yellow	Blue
Nationality	Norwegian
Drinks			Milk
Pet		Horses
Smokes	Dunhill

==>From Hint  "the green house's owner drinks coffee"
From this we can say 3rd house cannot be green since 3rd house owner drinks milk
and from hint "the green house is on the left of the white house"
green house should be at 4th position and white should be on 5th position

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color	Yellow	Blue	Red	Green	White
Nationality	Norwegian
Drinks			Milk	Coffee
Pet		Horses
Smokes	Dunhill

==>From Hint  "the Brit lives in the red house"

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color	Yellow	Blue	Red	Green	White
Nationality	Norwegian		Brit
Drinks			Milk	Coffee
Pet		Horses
Smokes	Dunhill

==>From Hint  "the Dane drinks tea"
Dane can be in 2nd house or 5th house  Other options are not feasible

From Hint  "the owner who smokes BlueMaster drinks beer"
this owner can be in 2nd or 5th house Other options are not feasible

So 2nd and 5th house persons drinks either beer or tea

So in first house owner must drink water

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color	Yellow	Blue	Red	Green	White
Nationality	Norwegian		Brit
Drinks	Water		Milk	Coffee
Pet		Horses
Smokes	Dunhill

==>From Hint  "the man who smokes blend has a neighbor who drinks water "

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color	Yellow	Blue	Red	Green	White
Nationality	Norwegian		Brit
Drinks	Water		Milk	Coffee
Pet		Horses
Smokes	Dunhill	Blend

==>From Hint  "the owner who smokes BlueMaster drinks beer"
This fits only for 5th house

and remaining drink Tea will be in 2nd house
and from Hint "the Dane drinks tea" , Dane is in 2nd house

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color	Yellow	Blue	Red	Green	White
Nationality	Norwegian	Dane	Brit
Drinks	Water	Tea	Milk	Coffee	beer
Pet		Horses
Smokes	Dunhill	Blend			BlueMaster

==>From Hint  "the German smokes Prince"
4th house belongs to German , So final house is for Swede
From Hint "the Swede keeps dogs as pets" , 5ht house has dogs
and from Hint "the German smokes Prince"
So House3 owner smokes remaining brand PallMall

From Hint "the person who smokes Pall Mall rears birds" 3rd house has birds

From Hint "he man who smokes blends lives next to the one who keeps cats" House-1 has cats

	House-1	House-2	House-3	House-4	House-5
House Color	Yellow	Blue	Red	Green	White
Nationality	Norwegian	Dane	Brit	German	Swede
Drinks	Water	Tea	Milk	Coffee	beer
Pet	Cats	Horses	birds	FISH	dogs
Smokes	Dunhill	Blend	PallMall	Prince	BlueMaster

So Now for the Question is  Who owns the fish?

The GERMAN owns it..

--------------------END-----------------